Abstract In this work, it is shown the feasibility for obtaining silver nanoparticles by ultrasonic spray pyrolysis and their simultaneous incorporation during deposition of thin layers of aluminum oxide to get a Cermet coating of Al2O3-Ag. The synthesis of these Cermets was achieved on the basis of both the simultaneous pyrolysis of silver nitrate and aluminum acetylacetonate on different substrates: Quartz, glass, crystalline silicon (c-Si), and titanium at temperatures of 500, 550 and 600°C. The structural properties of the Cermets were studied by Scanning Electron Microscopy, Atomic Force Microscopy and X-ray diffraction. For the optical properties, UV-vis spectroscopy was used to obtain the optical Absorbance of the Cermets, while the Reflectance was obtained by UV-vis-IR spectroscopy measurements. UV-Vis spectroscopy showed that the intensity of the absorption peak (plasmon) was limited to the concentration of silver nitrate, and it shifted toward shorter wavelengths with the decrease in the size of the Ag nanoparticles inside the Cermets. The plasmon position of Ag nanoparticles in the different samples was found to be centered at 504 nm, 506 nm, 497 nm and 475 nm for samples deposited with 0.1 mol, 0.05 mol, 0.02 mol, and 0.01 mol of Ag(NO3), respectively. The shape of the Ag nanoparticles was approximately spherical, ranging from 4 nm to 35 nm, and their concentration was proportional to the concentration of Ag(NO3) included in the spray solution. By means of the UV-Vis Spectroscopy-IR and FT-IR, in the best of cases, a solar absorptance of 0.83 and an infrared thermal emittance of 0.14, for a sample of Al2O3-Ag prepared with 0.1 mol of Ag(NO3) in the precursor solution, were obtained.

Buddleja globosa Hope is a well-known native, medicinal plant because of its digestive and cicatrizing properties. Due to the increasing domestic and international demand, B. globosa abundance and distribution in Chile has resulted in the intensive exploitation of the plant's natural habitat, without consideration of the plant's regenerative capacity. The main objective of this research was to establish the B. globosa growth cycle and model its regeneration cycle. This would allow for more productive, efficient and sustainable use and management of this species, thus ensuring its long-term conservation. We selected two study sites, one wild and another one cultivated. In each one, ten individuals were marked as control treatments, for further observations, in order to quantify the monthly growth dynamics. Fifteen plants selected at random were marked in each site under study to know the regeneration rates with three pruning methods: apical, medium and basal (5 plants per treatment). The results showed significant differences between the control and management treatments on plants grown in the valley, and among the wild plants of the mountains. The biomass growth rates achieved in the treatments of pruning, and the period that those were maximum at both sites, allows us to recommend harvesting of B. globosa under a medium pruning management in January for the valley. For the mountain zones, it is suggested to conduct a partial apicaltype harvest in December: this would allow that a part of the plant achieves the end of the flowering stage, which will contribute to seed dispersal and natural reproduction of the species.

Buddleja globosa Hope es una especie medicinal nativa ampliamente conocida por sus propiedades cicatrizantes y digestivas. Las demandas del mercado interno y externo así como su amplia distribución a lo largo del país han incentivado una utilización intensiva desde su hábitat natural, desconociéndose su capacidad de regeneración vegetativa frente a los sistemas de cosecha de biomasa utilizados por los hierbateros. Esta investigación tiene como objetivo general establecer el ciclo de crecimiento y un modelo de regeneración de la especie que permita un manejo productivo y un uso sustentable para su conservación en el tiempo. Se seleccionaron dos sitios de estudio, uno silvestre y otro cultivado. En cada uno se marcaron 10 plantas controles, para cuantificar, a través de varias observaciones, la dinámica estacional del crecimiento. Para conocer las tasas de regeneración se utilizaron 15 plantas tratamientos con tres métodos de cosecha; apical, media y basal (5 plantas por tratamiento). Los resultados mostraron diferencias significativas entre controles y tratamientos en las plantas cultivadas en el valle y entre las plantas silvestres de la cordillera. Las tasas de crecimiento de biomasa alcanzada en los tratamientos de poda y el periodo en que estas se hacen máximas en ambos sitios, nos permite recomendar una cosecha de B. globosa bajo un manejo de podas medias en el mes de enero para el valle. Para las zonas de cordillera se sugiere una cosecha parcial con poda apical en diciembre que permita que una parte de la planta logre la finalización de la fase de floración, para la dispersión de semillas y reproducción natural de la especie.

The nutritional and sensorial characteristics of chicken meat can be affected by oxidative rancidity, process of oxidation of lipids in the meat that constitutes one of the main forms of food deterioration. This problem may be prevented or reduced by adding antioxidants to the meat during the process of marination. In the present study, the addition of a polyphenol-rich quillay extract (QLPerm®) at 5 levels (0, 0.05, 0.10, 0.15, and 0.20%) to the marinade of chicken meat was evaluated. The marinated meat was stored under refrigeration (6 ºC) for 0, 2, 4, 6, and 8 days. Basal and induced lipid oxidation was evaluated by TBARS analysis. Microbiological quality was assessed by total coliforms and mesophillic aerobe counts. The application of this natural antioxidant reduced, in some cases, meat lipidic oxidation, improved its microbiological quality, and did not leave any perceivable residues as analyzed by a sensorial evaluation panel.

The addition of antioxidants to broiler diets has been shown to enhance their antioxidant status. Since boldo (Peumus boldus Mol.) leaves contain highly antioxidant molecules, a dried extract of boldo (DEB) was added to broiler diets to improve "in vivo" antioxidant tissue status and to favor animal growth. A DEB standardized for antioxidant content was prepared and added to poultry diets at three different levels (low-DELB, medium-DEMB, and high-DEHB) for a period of 6 weeks. A single negative control (no added antioxidant) and one positive control (supplementation with 200 mg/kg vitamin E) were used. Plasma antioxidant capacity (PAC), thiol content (GHS), and basal and induced lipoperoxidation of liver, leg and breast tissues were determined in birds at 2, 4, and 6 weeks of age. PAC increased with chicken age until week 6, but was unaffected by DEB addition at any level. However, DEB increased hepatic GSH content. No data indicated that DEB improved the resistance against induced lipoperoxidation in the assayed tissues. DEB contains compounds exhibiting high antioxidant activity "in vivo", as evidenced by the increase in liver thiol content. Regarding broiler performance, no differences in poultry body weight and feed consumption were detected during the assay.